提高工作效率的软件

总结一些我常用的提高工作效率的软件，所有软件的共同点是：跨平台同步，基本功能免费。

1. Mendeley

文献管理软件。我放了500+篇期刊和论文在这里，有同步和分享功能，免费版有2G空间，有手机版，可以在手机上看paper。

2. Teamviewer

电脑远程控制软件。Mac和Windows还有手机端可以全部同步，可以进行视频会议，个人用户免费。

3. Dropbox

文件同步和备份软件。自从用了dropbox，我基本告别了U盘。绑定学校账号有20G+的容量，用MIT的账号可以同时拥有一个无限容量的企业版账号。

4. Evernote

网页保存和记笔记软件。网页保存功能很好用。

5. Google photo

照片备份软件。小于16MB的照片无限容量存储，可以直接备份手机照片，有智能搜索功能，准确率不错。

6. Google calendar

日程管理软件。直接同步到iPhone的日历里。

 

Paper: FlatCam: Thin, Bare-Sensor Cameras using Coded Aperture and Computation

Paper:

Asif, M. Salman, Ali Ayremlou, Aswin Sankaranarayanan, Ashok Veeraraghavan, and Richard Baraniuk. “FlatCam: Thin, Bare-Sensor Cameras using Coded Aperture and Computation.” arXiv preprint arXiv:1509.00116(2015).

Review:

A coded aperture based camera model is proposed by designing the aperture matrix in a row/column separable manner. The aperture matrix can be regarded as a outer product between two vectors with 1 and 0 only. The image formation process can be modeled as 1) Y = AXB^T. where X, Y, A, B are all NxN matrices. In the conventional image model: 2) y = Cx, where y and x are both N^2 x1 vector, and C is N^2 x N^2 matrix. Model 1) is much easier to solve by least square with L2_norm regularization compared with model 1).

The author put the aperture right in front of the CMOS chip. The space is 0.5 mm due to the glass. This can greatly reduce the thickness of the camera which might find its use in mobile phone camera.

创业

回国一趟，和几个朋友吃了两顿饭，了解了一下他们的近况，有一些感触，记录一下。

W是我的高中同学，也是我的铁哥们，他一直是一个积极向上，充满正能量的人。他高中成绩不好，专升本后靠努力考上了一所不错的学校的研究生。研究生毕业工作一段时间后开始做一家公司的区域总代理。他刚开始对这个行业完全不了解，他最开始开拓市场用的是最笨的办法。他到网上查一些相关客户的地址，然后每天骑着电动车带着样品一家家拜访，吃了无数的闭门羹，有时候地址只写了哪个楼，他就从顶层往下一层层扫楼，就凭这种笨办法，他第一年的业绩在公司是第一名。现在他雇了两个员工，但自己还是会亲自去跑客户。公司壮大后又有了新的顾虑，总公司过河拆桥，和区域代理抢生意，降低提成，他现在还得想办法给自己留后路。最近他又考虑上个职业经理人培训班，咨询我的意见，一方面是为了自我提升，一方面也是为了寻找一些合作机会。虽然我从来对这种职业经理人有偏见，但是他这种不断提升自己的想法我还是非常佩服的。我相信他一定会成功的。

C同学是我大学开始熟悉的朋友，顶级大学医学院毕业，人很聪明，也有很高的抱负，愿意和我分享对各种问题的看法。他在一家三甲医院当了两年医生后，不甘于国内医生凄惨的待遇和平淡的生活，正辞职创业中。我很佩服他的决心。他给我讲了他创业的细节，能看出来他对不少东西还是比较理想主义，对此我有一些担心，但是经验都是在摸索中学会的，他那么年轻，即使失败了，这些经历也是一笔无比宝贵的财富。

回国体验

2015年10月4日-10月13日回国了，分别去了武汉，老家和北京，记录一些体验，顺序不分先后。

1. 微信支付和支付宝等支付工具在线下的使用非常普遍。武汉周黑鸭和北京某连锁早餐店都可以用支付宝支付，超市也接受二维码支付，而且有一定优惠。
2. 滴滴快滴uber等打车app的出现对出租车行业产生了很大的冲击。家里有人开出租，说刚开始没感觉到影响，现在感觉到很大冲击，出租车行业将会有重大变革。
3. 住院陪护是一个有提高空间的大市场。家人在医院住院，我去照顾，发现住院陪护很普遍。对于儿女不在身边而且家里没人长期陪护的情况，专业的住院陪护是很有必要的。从我在北大人民医院的观察和了解，每家医院都有特定的合作陪护公司，具体的合作方式不明确。但是这些陪护人员素质还有待进一步提升。或许这是O2O的一个切入点。
4. 新加坡和曼谷每个地铁站出口都有一个购物中心，很便民，而北京并非如此，不知道是否可以借鉴。
5. 更多人开始注重健康，健身房火爆。
6. 素质教育将学校老师的很多任务扔给了教育培训机构。
7. 教师，医生等职业的薪资远不如传说中高，他们的收入和投入严重不匹配。
8. 国内消费水平非常高。

[Paper review] Imaging through turbid media_1

1. Liutkus, Antoine, et al. “Imaging With Nature: Compressive Imaging Using a Multiply Scattering Medium.” Scientific reports 4 (2014).

1) calibration the TM with Least Square method;

2) get the complex output by phase shift holography as one measurement;

3) three measurement for the same amplitude object with random phase;

4) use MMV algorithm to reconstruct the object

2.

Science Perspective: Devices for Low-Resource Health Care

“In this Perspective, we review the challenges of developing and translating medical technologies and highlight promising new technologies to improve health in low-resource settings.”

1. Low-resource settings present challenging design constraints, including inadequate electricity and clean water, limited funding, weak supply chains, lack of trained users, and lack of technology management policies.

2. Evaluating technology performance presents further challenges in low-resource clinics.

3. Successful product design requires multidisciplinary partnerships.

4. Here, we highlight successful efforts and remaining barriers for several technologies.

Laerdal developed NeoNatalie, an electricityfree, low-cost neonatal simulator that mimics chest rise with mechanical ventilation.

BD FACSCount is a low-cost flow cytometer, but it requires skilled operators and frequent calibration.

The Alere PIMA device uses a fixed-volume, static cytometer and can run on battery or solar power.

GeneXpert is used for MTB test.

NIBIB Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Grant

NIBIB optical imaging and spectroscopy research grant:

http://www.nibib.nih.gov/research/scientific-program-areas/optical-imaging-and-spectroscopy

Cell phone-based microscope

Questions about a cell phone-based microscope:

1. What is its application?

Health care: blood cell analysis, white cell count, skin inspection, head skin inspection, nail disease diagnosis

Water quality test: parasite detection;

Education:

2. who will buy it?

Small clinic in developing country, school, outdoor activity lover…

3. Why use your product?

cheap, user-friendly

4. Challenge faced:

how to make it user friendly?

how to improve the sensitivity(high true positive rate)and specificity(low false positive rate)?

how to relate the image to the disease diagnosis?

Point-of-care optical imaging technologies

Review Paper :

S. A. Boppart, R. Richards-Kortum, Point-of-care and point-of-procedure optical imaging technologies for primary care and global health. Sci. Transl. Med. 6, 253rv2 (2014).

This paper reviewed the latest development of optical methods for point-of-care and discussed its opportunities and challenges.

Some related products/research

1. LED-based Fluorescence microscope adaptor to bright-field microscope. Foundation for Innovative New Diagnostics. It has done field test in Uganda. Normal version costs around 700-1750 USD, and low-cost, battery-powered version costs around 240usd.

H. Albert, Y. Manabe, G. Lukyamuzi, P. Ademun, S. Mukkada, B. Nyesiga, M. Joloba, C. N. Paramasivan, M. D. Perkins, Performance of three LED-based fluorescence microscopy systems for detection of tuberculosis in Uganda. PLOS One 5, e15206 (2010).

H. Albert, Y. Manabe, G. Lukyamuzi, P. Ademun, S. Mukkada, B. Nyesiga, M. Joloba, C. N. Paramasivan, M. D. Perkins, Performance of three LED-based fluorescence microscopy systems for detection of tuberculosis in Uganda. PLOS One 5, e15206 (2010).

A. R. Miller, G. L. Davis, Z. M. Oden, M. R. Razavi, A. Fateh, M. Ghazanfari, F. Abdolrahimi, S. Poorazar, F. Sakhaie, R. J. Olsen, A. R. Bahrmand, M. C. Pierce, E. A. Graviss, R. Richards-Kortum, Portable, battery-operated, low-cost, bright field and fluorescence microscope. PLOS One 5, e11890 (2010).

2. modular, portable fluorescence microscope for white blood cell count.

C. E. Majors, M. E. Pawlowski, T. Tkaczyk, R. R. Richards-Kortum, in IEEE Point-of-Care Technologies

3. Mobile phone-based clinical microscopy.

D. N. Breslauer, R. N. Maamari, N. A. Switz, W. A. Lam, D. A. Fletcher, Mobile phone based clinical microscopy for global health applications. PLOS One 4, e6320 (2009).

A. Skandarajah, C. D. Reber, N. A. Switz, D. A. Fletcher, Quantitative imaging with a mobile phone microscope. PLOS One 9, e96906 (2014).

4. An ultra-low-cost, origami-based bright-field, dark-field and fluorescence microscope, “Foldscope”

J. S. Cybulski, J. Clements, M. Prakash, Foldscope: Origami-based paper microscope. PLOS One 9, e98781 (2014).

5. A lens-free cell phone holographic microscope.

A. Greenbaum, W. Luo, T. W. Su, Z. Göröcs, L. Xue, S. O. Isikman, A. F. Coskun, O. Mudanyali, A. Ozcan, Imaging without lenses: Achievements and remaining challenges of wide-field on-chip microscopy. Nat. Methods 9, 889–895 (2012).

A. F. Coskun, A. Ozcan, Computational imaging, sensing and diagnostics for global health applications. Curr. Opin. Biotechnol. 25, 8–16 (2014).

6. Flow-based systems: cell phone imaging-based flow cytometry

H. Zhu, S. Mavandadi, A. F. Coskun, O. Yaglidere, A. Ozcan, Optofluidic fluorescent imaging cytometry on a cell phone. Anal. Chem. 83, 6641–6647 (2011).

W. G. Lee, Y. G. Kim, B. G. Chung, U. Demirci, A. Khademhosseini, Nano/microfluidics for diagnosis of infectious diseases in developing countries. Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev. 62, 449–457 (2010).

N. N. Watkins, U. Hassan, G. Damhorst, H. Ni, A. Vaid, W. Rodriguez, R. Bashir, Microfluidic CD4+ and CD8+ T lymphocyte counters for point-of-care HIV diagnostics using whole blood. Sci. Transl. Med. 5, 214ra170 (2013).

G. Zheng, S. A. Lee, S. Yang, C. Yang, Sub-pixel resolving optofluidic microscope for onchip cell imaging. Lab Chip 10, 3125–3129 (2010).

S. A. Lee, R. Leitao, G. Zheng, S. Yang, A. Rodriguez, C. Yang, Color capable sub-pixel resolving optofluidic microscope and its application to blood cell imaging for malaria diagnosis. PLOS One 6, e26127 (2011).

S. A. Lee, J. Erath, G. Zheng, X. Ou, P. Willems, D. Eichinger, A. Rodriguez, C. Yang, Imaging and identification of waterborne parasites using a chip-scale microscope. PLOS One 9,e89712 (2014).

7. handheld OCT

W. Jung, J. Kim, M. Jeon, E. J. Chaney, C. N. Stewart, S. A. Boppart, Handheld optical coherence tomography scanner for primary care diagnostics. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 58, 741–744 (2011).

R. L. Shelton, W. Jung, S. I. Sayegh, D. T. McCormick, J. Kim, S. A. Boppart, Optical coherence tomography for advanced screening in the primary care office. J. Biophotonics 7, 525–533 (2014).

C. T. Nguyen, W. Jung, J. Kim, E. J. Chaney, M. Novak, C. N. Stewart, S. A. Boppart, Noninvasive in vivo optical detection of biofilm in the human middle ear. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 109, 9529–9534 (2012).

基本语法

scalar types:

int: whole number

long: potential large whole number

float: whole number or fraction

bool: logic 10 truth values

none: special value representing ‘noting’

str: a sequence of characters

collection types:

list: a read/write sequence

tuple:  a read only sequence

dict: like a dictionary or ‘hash’

set:  from set theory

file: a sequence of bytes or characters, usually on disk

operators:

+,-,*,/,//(integer division), % (modulus), **(exponentiation)

common operators returning bool:

>,>=, <,<=,==,!=

use of bool:

print(not True) # prints False

print(1<3) # prints False

print （True and False) # prints False

print(True or False) # prints True

str operators:

+(catenation), *(repetition)